Primary material extracted from the Earth rose from 22 bn tonnes in 1970 to 70 bn tonnes in 2010.
The global ocean-based economy is estimated to be worth $3 trillion USD per year, which is five% of global GDP.
Halting biodiversity loss means that cropland expansion will need to stop.
We lose 24 billion tonnes of fertile soil and 15 billion trees a year, at a cost of $40 billion.
Food, housing and transport dominate environmental impacts
Economic development is deeply linked to the use of metals.
Built environment and mobility stand as the leading drivers of the rising global material demand, closely followed by food and energy.
These sectors combined account for approximately 90% of global material demand.
Global use of materials will increase from 85 to 186 billion tonnes per year by 2050