To achieve effective decoupling, today's linear material flows must become circular.
Water is needed for human health, environmental well-being, and economic development.
80% of marine pollution originates on land.
Material consumption by cities will grow from 40 billion tonnes in 2010 to 90 billion tonnes by 2050, more than the planet can sustainably provide.
Up to one-third of the global population is already subject to water stress.
By 2050, low-carbon energy technologies will need 600 million tonnes of metal resources for infrastructure and wiring.
For some specialty metals used in mobile phones and solar cells recycling rates are less than 1%.
One-third of the current urban population lives in slums and informal settlements, often without access to basic services.