Impacts on air, water, land and biodiversity occur along the whole life cycle of metals.
Halting biodiversity loss means that cropland expansion will need to stop.
20% of world aquifers are overexploited, and 29% of ‘commercial’ fish populations are overfished.
While more and more resources are extracted, the economic growth from the use of these materials doesn’t increase at the same rate.
GHG emissions, energy and labour productivity grow much faster than material productivity.
We lose 24 billion tonnes of fertile soil and 15 billion trees a year, at a cost of $40 billion.
In the past 50 years deforestation has occurred at an average of 13 million hectares a year.
13% of the global urban population lives in coastal areas.
Last century we extracted 27 times more ores and minerals, and 34 times more construction materials.