Compact, resource-efficient cities could see cuts of 36-54 per cent in GHG emissions, and in metals, land, energy and water use.
In the past 50 years deforestation has occurred at an average of 13 million hectares a year.
Trade in material resources – biomass, fossil fuels, metals, and minerals – has increased by more than 90% in the past two decades.
Global material resource use is expected to reach nearly 90 billion tonnes in 2017 and may more than double from 2015 to 2050.
In 2009, more than 1.2 billion tonnes of steel were produced worldwide.
The use of natural resources has more than tripled since 1970, and continues to grow.
Growing and harvesting biomass contributed over 90% to total global biodiversity loss and water stress.
Policy should target the sectors that are mainly responsible: food related sectors (agriculture, retailers, and food services), wood related industries (forestry, construction) and increasingly biochemicals.
Population growth, dietary changes, and climate change are putting pressure on natural resources.