Trade in material resources – biomass, fossil fuels, metals, and minerals – has increased by more than 90% in the past two decades.
Increasing urban sprawl often comes at the expense of agricultural lands and fertile soils.
To achieve effective decoupling, today's linear material flows must become circular.
From 2000 to 2015, the climate change and health impacts from extraction and production of metals doubled.
Quantification of metal stocks in society is limited by the availability of data in most cases.
60 billion tonnes of construction minerals, ores and industrial minerals, fossil fuels and biomass are extracted each year
11 million tonnes of plastic are discharged into the ocean annually.
An estimated 33 per cent of the world’s soil is moderately to highly degraded.