The world’s richest countries consume on average 10 times as many materials as the poorest.
An estimated 33 per cent of the world’s soil is moderately to highly degraded.
Adopting “value-retention processes” could also reduce greenhouse gas emissions in some sectors by 79 to 99 per cent.
Economic development is deeply linked to the use of metals.
While more and more resources are extracted, the economic growth from the use of these materials doesn’t increase at the same rate.
GHG emissions, energy and labour productivity grow much faster than material productivity.
Globally, the top 200 recent hydropower developments (2000-2018) are estimated to have displaced between 900,000 and 2 million people (mostly in Asia),as well as giving rise to substantial land-use change since the start of the century.
Primary material extracted from the Earth rose from 22 bn tonnes in 1970 to 70 bn tonnes in 2010.
If products were re-manufactured, re-furbished, repaired and re-used, the amount of new material needed could be reduced.